presuppose: may imply a hazy or imperfectly realized belief or uncritical acceptance: a work which ~s a knowledgeable readership; or it may imply the necessity of accepting something that must be logically true: an effect ~s a cause.       uncritical非批判性的


presume: suggests that whatever is taken for granted is entitled to belief until it is disproved: ~d innocent until proven guilty.  


assume: indicates arbitrary or deliberate acceptance of something not proven or demonstrated: had ~d that the family would welcome his return.


postulate: suggests advancing an assumption that cannot be proven but that is accepted as true becuase it serves as the basis for some thought or action: ordinary humans must ~ the reality of time and space.


premise: indicates laying down a position from which inference can be drawn or stating facts and principles fundamental to an argument: an argument ~d on a belief in the value of a formal education.


posit: suggests the selecting of a propositions on subjective or arbitrary grounds: a company that ~s an eager customer for each of its new products.


presuppose预设前提: 待补，presume假定: ，assume自以为是地假设: ，postulate基本假设: ，premise基本论断: ，posit自以为是地假设:

assume刻意甚至武断的假设，posit主观武断的假设，这两个词都贬义，posit更强烈(subjective主观)。


  presuppose模糊不精确不严谨的假设，或者逻辑必然(也不必精确),premise表示基础，没有初步的意思,postulate:无法证明但必须接受的基础，presume除非证明为假否则相信。


记忆方法: 1）首字母联想APPPPP，AP是美联社(associated press)+PPPP想成四名工作人员4 persons或people或personnel 报道想当然<==假设    （personnel有2个意思 1、人员职员the personnel of an organization are the people who work for it, 如sales/technical/medical/security/military personnel推销/技术/医务/保安/军事人员，如five military personnel were killed五名士兵战死   2、人事部门the department in a company that deals with employing and training people，如the personnel department/manager人事部门/经理，如she works in personnel她在人事部工作，personnel is/are currently reviewing pay scales人事部现在正审核工资级别）  
     

         2） 假设的意思是想当然地认为或作为前提mean to take something for granted as the basis for action or reasoning.      to take something for granted想当然、认为理所当然，如I came into adult life clueless about a lot of things that most people take for granted我已成年，却对许多大部分人认为理所当然的事情一窍不通，如he never took anything for granted他(指伽利略)从不想当然地应对任何事情